Engineers solve problems by first defining them precisely: what success looks like (criteria) and what limits the solution (constraints). This week the problem is a hard stop. A dropped ball or a rolling toy car collides with the floor or a wall, and the floor pushes back exactly as hard as the object pushes it. A landing pad cannot change that pair of forces, but it can spread the stop over a longer time, so the push is gentler. You build a pad, test it fairly, change one thing, test again and write the Sports Physics report.