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Week 10 Β· Argument Writing

Friday

Nova's Signal Review
// A claim, clear reasons, real evidence, and a fair word for the other side
⏱ about 20 min

Friday: Nova's Signal Review

Four argument drafts lie in a row on the Signal Desk. Readers' page, shade tent, skate ramp, reading club.

Nova hovers above them, her light sliding from one to the next. "Review time," she says. "What do all four share?"

"A claim up top," Rocket says. "Reasons with evidence. The other side, answered. A conclusion."

"And what do you notice about the ones you trust most?" Raven asks.

Rocket reads the shade tent piece again. "The ones that say where the evidence came from. And the ones that are fair."

Nova dims her light to a soft glow. "Then you know what to check in your own draft tonight."

Rocket is already reading his aloud, pencil in hand.

Review: the shape of an argument

This week's four Signal pieces share one shape. Claim first. Two or three reasons, each backed by evidence that fits and names its source. The other side stated fairly and answered. A conclusion that follows.

Underneath, the sentences are complete and the pronouns agree. Those are the quiet rules that make a reader trust you.

Raven thinks aloud over the four drafts: "The readers' page letter answers a worry about crowding. The tent piece answers a worry about the view. Each answer fits its worry exactly."

That is the test for your own counterclaim paragraph. Does the answer fit the worry, or does it change the subject?

  • Claim: one sentence a reader could disagree with.
  • Reasons: answers to why, each with evidence from a text or from what you saw.
  • Counterclaim: the other side's best point, then your answer.
  • Conclusion: the claim in fresh words and why it matters.
SIGNAL REVIEW: FOUR ARGUMENTS
  • Read the question.
  • Tap your answer.
In the readers' page letter, what evidence supports the reason that readers bring stories?
In the shade tent piece, which sentence is the counterclaim?
In the skate ramp letter, which transition introduces the answer to the counterclaim?
In the reading club piece, which transition begins the conclusion?
Which sentence would be irrelevant evidence for the shade tent claim?
Which job does the transition "For example" do in an argument?
PUT THE PARTS OF THE SHADE TENT ARGUMENT IN ORDER
  • ?Some neighbors may say a tent would block the view.
  • ?A tent with open sides over the seedling beds would leave the garden in plain sight.
  • ?The garden needs a shade tent over the seedling beds.
  • ?Second, a tent would give gardeners a place to work out of the sun.
  • ?A shade tent would help the garden stay green all summer long.
  • ?First, the seedlings wilt by noon, and the trays were moved into shade twice.
WHY THIS EXERCISEAn argument has a shape the reader can follow: what you think, why, what others think, your answer, and why it matters.
Quiet rulesTrue or false?
"Because the ramp closes at five." is a complete sentence.?
"The skaters fixed their boards." has a pronoun that agrees.?
An argument should hide the other side's best point.?
Evidence should name where it comes from.?
WHY THIS EXERCISEComplete sentences, agreeing pronouns, fairness and named sources are what make a reader trust an argument.
Type the one word for what someone on the other side would say. It starts with counter.
WHY THIS EXERCISENaming the counterclaim is the first step to answering it fairly.

Polish it

Reading aloud is the fastest way to find a weak spot. Your ear hears a fragment before your eye sees it.

Rocket reads his draft to the corkboard. Where he stumbles, he marks the line. Where he rushes, he adds a transition. Where he doubts himself, he adds evidence.

Raven reads hers a different way. She reads the claim, then skips to the conclusion, and asks whether the two match.

Then she reads only the first sentence of each paragraph. If those sentences alone tell the whole argument, the shape is right.

Try both ways on your own draft. Rocket's way finds broken sentences. Raven's way finds a broken shape.

Try it
Read your draft aloud to someone at home. Stop at any sentence where you stumble and mark it.
Ask your listener to repeat your claim back to you. If they cannot, move the claim up.
Checklist
Claim, reasons with evidence, counterclaim and answer, conclusion: all five parts are in my draft.
Each piece of evidence names its source.
Every sentence is complete and every pronoun agrees.

Your argument is ready to be read by someone else. Tomorrow is Press Day.

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