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Week 02 · Letters Stand for Numbers

Thursday

Frames and boxes
// An envelope hides a number, and a letter stands in for it
⏱ about 20 min

Thursday: Frames and Boxes

Rocket lays a strip of tape around a rectangle of cards. "A frame for the puzzle board. How long a strip do I need?"

"Measure once, then use the formula," says Raven. "The perimeter of a rectangle is 2l + 2w. What do you notice about the letters?"

"Two of them," Rocket says. "Length and width. Two numbers go in, one comes out."

Nova hovers over the tape, her light measuring the long side. "Letters work in formulas the same way," she says. "Replace, then compute."

"And the cube box for the beans is s cubed," Raven says, holding up a small cardboard cube. "One letter, used three times."

Rocket writes both formulas on the wall. "Puzzle Post building code," he says. "Letters first, numbers after."

Formulas are expressions with letters

A formula is an expression that works for every size. Put in the measurements and it tells you the answer.

Perimeter of a rectangle: P = 2l + 2w, where l is the length and w the width. Area: A = l × w.

Volume of a cube: V = s³, where s is the side. Surface area of a cube: A = 6s², six square faces.

Replace each letter with its number, then follow the order of operations. Powers before multiplying, multiplying before adding.

A rectangle 6 cm long and 4 cm wide

The crew's frame and box log

These are the crew's own measurements for the Puzzle Post frames and bean boxes, in centimeters.

FrameLength lWidth wPerimeter 2l + 2wArea l × w
Frame 16 cm4 cm20 cm24 sq cm
Frame 210 cm3 cm26 cm30 sq cm
Frame 37 cm7 cm28 cm49 sq cm
BoxSide sVolume s³Surface area 6s²
Box 12 cm8 cubic cm24 sq cm
Box 23 cm27 cubic cm54 sq cm
Box 35 cm125 cubic cm150 sq cm

Frame 1 is 6 cm by 4 cm. Its perimeter is 2 × 6 + 2 × 4 = 20 cm of tape. Frame 3 is a square, and the formula still works.

Box 2 has side 3 cm. Its volume is 3 × 3 × 3 = 27 cubic cm. Its surface area is 6 × 9 = 54 sq cm.

The standard asks about a cube with side 1/2. Then s³ = 0.125 and 6s² = 1.5. Fractions follow the same order.

USE THE FORMULAS
  • Read the question.
  • Tap your answer.
The perimeter of a rectangle is 2l + 2w. With l = 10 and w = 3, how many centimeters of tape?
The area of a rectangle is l × w. With l = 7 and w = 7, how many square centimeters?
A cube box has side s = 5 cm. Its volume is s³. How many cubic centimeters?
A cube box has side s = 2 cm. Its surface area is 6s². How many square centimeters?
HALF A CENTIMETER
  • Read the question.
  • Tap your answer.
A tiny cube has side s = 1/2. What is s³?
A tiny cube has side s = 1/2. What is 6s²?
A card is a rectangle with perimeter 2l + 2w. With l = 0.5 and w = 1, what is its perimeter in centimeters?
How many centimeters of tape go around Frame 2 (10 cm by 3 cm)? Type the number.
How many cubic centimeters fit in Box 1 (side 2 cm)? Type the number.
Try it
Measure a book cover in centimeters. Use 2l + 2w to find its perimeter, then check with a tape measure.
Find a small box shaped like a cube. Measure one side and work out its volume.
Draw Frame 1 with its sides labeled and the tape length written under it. Draw Box 2 with its side labeled.

Frames and boxes planned. Tomorrow you see a letter as any number from a set, and review the week.

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