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Week 07 Β· Senses and Signals

Tuesday

Five sense organs
// Receptors notice, the brain decides
⏱ about 20 min

Tuesday: Five Sense Organs

Raven sets five objects on the Windowsill: a mirror, a bell, a lemon, a cotton ball and a cold spoon.

"One object per sense," she says. "What do you notice? Each one needs a different part of you."

Rocket rings the bell. "Ears." He looks in the mirror. "Eyes." He taps the lemon. "Nose, and tongue, but not today."

He touches the cold spoon to the back of his hand. "Skin. Cold and smooth at the same time."

"Taste you only get to think about today," Raven says. "The lemon stays on the sill."

Nova hovers over the row. "Five organs, five kinds of receptors," she says. "One brain reading all of them."

Eyes and ears

Vision occurs when light is processed by your eye and interpreted by your brain.

Light passes through the clear cornea, then the pupil, the opening to the inside of the eye. The pupil grows or shrinks to control how much light enters.

The lens focuses the light on the retina at the back of the eye. The retina converts light energy into a nerve signal.

The optic nerve carries that signal to the brain, where it is interpreted.

Your ears have two jobs: hearing and keeping your balance. Hearing happens after sound vibrations cross the eardrum to the inner ear.

There the vibrations are changed into nerve signals and carried to the brain by the auditory nerve.

Nose, tongue and skin

The sense of smell begins at the nerve endings high in the lining of the nose. Smell and taste work together, and most tastes are linked with odors.

You have about 10,000 taste buds. They sense sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami flavors.

The sense of touch makes you aware of pain, temperature, pressure, vibration and body position.

Skin, muscles, tendons, joints and internal organs have nerve endings, called receptors, that detect these sensations.

Your brain interprets the type and amount of touch. It also decides whether the sensation is pleasant, unpleasant or neutral.

SenseOrganWhat the receptors detectCarried to the brain by
VisionEye (retina)LightOptic nerve
HearingEar (inner ear)Sound vibrationsAuditory nerve
SmellNose (lining)OdorsNerve endings high in the nose
TasteTongue (taste buds)Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umamiNerve signals
TouchSkin and morePain, temperature, pressure, vibration, positionNerve signals
MATCH THE ORGAN TO THE JOB
  • Read the question.
  • Tap your answer.
Which part of the eye converts light energy into a nerve signal?
What are the two jobs of your ears?
About how many taste buds do you have?
Which sense makes you aware of temperature and pressure?
LIGHT THROUGH THE EYE
  • ?Brain
  • ?Optic nerve
  • ?Lens
  • ?Retina
  • ?Pupil
  • ?Cornea
WHY THIS EXERCISEThe path from stimulus to brain is the same shape for every sense: organ, receptor, nerve, brain.
The opening that lets light into the eye is the ____.
Sound vibrations cross the ____ on their way to the inner ear.
The five tastes are sweet, salty, sour, bitter and ____.
StatementTrue or false?
The retina converts light into a nerve signal.?
Smell begins at nerve endings high in the lining of the nose.?
Taste works completely separately from smell.?
Only the skin has touch receptors.?
WHY THIS EXERCISEEach organ has its own receptors, but every signal ends in the same place: the brain.
Try it
Look at a bright window, then at a dark corner. Have someone watch your pupils change size. Never use a flashlight.
Touch a cold spoon, then a room-temperature spoon, to the back of your hand. Which receptors noticed the difference?
Write what you saw and felt in your Windowsill Log.
Draw a side view of an eye: cornea, pupil, lens, retina, and the optic nerve leading away. Label each part.

Strong work. Tomorrow is Windowsill Lab: a ruler-drop reaction test and a ten-object memory game.

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